Merge pull request #36 from crcatala/feature/longform-tweet-rich-content

feat: support rich content in long-form tweets (X Articles)

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 - Rich text output now shows article previews, quoted tweets, and media links (#32) — thanks @odysseus0.
 - `user-tweets` command to fetch a user's profile timeline (#34) — thanks @crcatala.
 - `replies` and `thread` now support pagination (`--all`, `--max-pages`, `--cursor`, `--delay`) (#35) — thanks @crcatala.
+- Long-form article tweets now render rich Draft.js content blocks/entities (#36) — thanks @crcatala.
 
 ### Changed
 - Library typing: `SearchResult` is now a discriminated union (so `error` only exists when `success: false`).

src/lib/twitter-client-search.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import { buildSearchFeatures } from './twitter-client-features.js';
 import type { SearchResult, TweetData } from './twitter-client-types.js';
 import { extractCursorFromInstructions, parseTweetsFromInstructions } from './twitter-client-utils.js';
 
+const RAW_QUERY_MISSING_REGEX = /must be defined/i;
+
 /** Options for search methods */
 export interface SearchFetchOptions {
   /** Include raw GraphQL response in `_raw` field */
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ function isQueryIdMismatch(payload: string): boolean {
         if (error?.extensions?.code === 'GRAPHQL_VALIDATION_FAILED') {
           return true;
         }
-        if (error?.path?.includes('rawQuery') && /must be defined/i.test(error.message ?? '')) {
+        if (error?.path?.includes('rawQuery') && RAW_QUERY_MISSING_REGEX.test(error.message ?? '')) {
           return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -143,7 +145,9 @@ export function withSearch<TBase extends AbstractConstructor<TwitterClientBase>>
             };
 
             if (data.errors && data.errors.length > 0) {
-              const shouldRefreshQueryIds = data.errors.some((error) => error?.extensions?.code === 'GRAPHQL_VALIDATION_FAILED');
+              const shouldRefreshQueryIds = data.errors.some(
+                (error) => error?.extensions?.code === 'GRAPHQL_VALIDATION_FAILED',
+              );
               return {
                 success: false as const,
                 error: data.errors.map((e) => e.message).join(', '),

src/lib/twitter-client-tweet-detail.ts

@@ -177,9 +177,15 @@ export function withTweetDetails<TBase extends AbstractConstructor<TwitterClient
         rweb_video_timestamps_enabled: true,
       };
 
+      const fieldToggles = {
+        ...buildArticleFieldToggles(),
+        withArticleRichContentState: true,
+      };
+
       const params = new URLSearchParams({
         variables: JSON.stringify(variables),
         features: JSON.stringify(features),
+        fieldToggles: JSON.stringify(fieldToggles),
       });
 
       try {

src/lib/twitter-client-types.ts

@@ -130,6 +130,34 @@ export type GraphqlTweetResult = {
             };
           }>;
         }>;
+        /** Draft.js content state for rich article content */
+        content_state?: {
+          blocks: Array<{
+            key: string;
+            type: string;
+            text: string;
+            data?: Record<string, unknown>;
+            entityRanges?: Array<{ key: number; offset: number; length: number }>;
+            inlineStyleRanges?: Array<{ offset: number; length: number; style: string }>;
+          }>;
+          entityMap?:
+            | Array<{
+                key: string;
+                value: {
+                  type: string;
+                  mutability: string;
+                  data: Record<string, unknown>;
+                };
+              }>
+            | Record<
+                string,
+                {
+                  type: string;
+                  mutability: string;
+                  data: Record<string, unknown>;
+                }
+              >;
+        };
       };
     };
     plain_text?: string;

src/lib/twitter-client-utils.ts

@@ -66,6 +66,253 @@ export function uniqueOrdered(values: string[]): string[] {
   return result;
 }
 
+// ============================================================================
+// Draft.js Content State Types and Parser for Long-form Tweets (X Articles)
+// ============================================================================
+
+/** Inline style range for text formatting (Bold, Italic, etc.) */
+interface InlineStyleRange {
+  offset: number;
+  length: number;
+  style: string;
+}
+
+/** Entity range linking a portion of text to an entity in entityMap */
+interface EntityRange {
+  key: number;
+  offset: number;
+  length: number;
+}
+
+/** A content block in Draft.js format */
+interface ContentBlock {
+  key: string;
+  type: string;
+  text: string;
+  data?: {
+    mentions?: Array<{ fromIndex: number; toIndex: number; text: string }>;
+  };
+  entityRanges?: EntityRange[];
+  inlineStyleRanges?: InlineStyleRange[];
+}
+
+/** Entity data for different entity types */
+interface EntityValue {
+  type: string;
+  mutability: string;
+  data: {
+    markdown?: string;
+    url?: string;
+    tweetId?: string;
+  };
+}
+
+/** Entity map entry */
+interface EntityMapEntry {
+  key: string;
+  value: EntityValue;
+}
+
+/** Draft.js content state structure */
+interface ContentState {
+  blocks: ContentBlock[];
+  entityMap?: Array<EntityMapEntry> | Record<string, EntityValue>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Renders a Draft.js content_state into readable markdown/text format.
+ * Handles blocks (paragraphs, headers, lists) and entities (code blocks, links, tweets, dividers).
+ */
+export function renderContentState(contentState: ContentState | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (!contentState?.blocks || contentState.blocks.length === 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  // Build entity lookup map from array/object formats
+  const entityMap = new Map<number, EntityValue>();
+  const rawEntityMap = contentState.entityMap ?? [];
+  if (Array.isArray(rawEntityMap)) {
+    for (const entry of rawEntityMap) {
+      const key = Number.parseInt(entry.key, 10);
+      if (!Number.isNaN(key)) {
+        entityMap.set(key, entry.value);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(rawEntityMap)) {
+      const keyNumber = Number.parseInt(key, 10);
+      if (!Number.isNaN(keyNumber)) {
+        entityMap.set(keyNumber, value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const outputLines: string[] = [];
+  let orderedListCounter = 0;
+  let previousBlockType: string | undefined;
+
+  for (const block of contentState.blocks) {
+    // Reset ordered list counter when leaving ordered list context
+    if (block.type !== 'ordered-list-item' && previousBlockType === 'ordered-list-item') {
+      orderedListCounter = 0;
+    }
+
+    switch (block.type) {
+      case 'unstyled': {
+        // Plain paragraph - just output text with any inline formatting
+        const text = renderBlockText(block, entityMap);
+        if (text) {
+          outputLines.push(text);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 'header-one': {
+        const text = renderBlockText(block, entityMap);
+        if (text) {
+          outputLines.push(`# ${text}`);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 'header-two': {
+        const text = renderBlockText(block, entityMap);
+        if (text) {
+          outputLines.push(`## ${text}`);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 'header-three': {
+        const text = renderBlockText(block, entityMap);
+        if (text) {
+          outputLines.push(`### ${text}`);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 'unordered-list-item': {
+        const text = renderBlockText(block, entityMap);
+        if (text) {
+          outputLines.push(`- ${text}`);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 'ordered-list-item': {
+        orderedListCounter++;
+        const text = renderBlockText(block, entityMap);
+        if (text) {
+          outputLines.push(`${orderedListCounter}. ${text}`);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 'blockquote': {
+        const text = renderBlockText(block, entityMap);
+        if (text) {
+          outputLines.push(`> ${text}`);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case 'atomic': {
+        // Atomic blocks are placeholders for embedded entities
+        const entityContent = renderAtomicBlock(block, entityMap);
+        if (entityContent) {
+          outputLines.push(entityContent);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+        // Fallback: just output the text
+        const text = renderBlockText(block, entityMap);
+        if (text) {
+          outputLines.push(text);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    previousBlockType = block.type;
+  }
+
+  const result = outputLines.join('\n\n');
+  return result.trim() || undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Renders text content of a block, applying inline link entities.
+ */
+function renderBlockText(block: ContentBlock, entityMap: Map<number, EntityValue>): string {
+  let text = block.text;
+
+  // Handle LINK entities by appending URL in markdown format
+  // Process in reverse order to not mess up offsets
+  const linkRanges = (block.entityRanges ?? [])
+    .filter((range) => {
+      const entity = entityMap.get(range.key);
+      return entity?.type === 'LINK' && entity.data.url;
+    })
+    .sort((a, b) => b.offset - a.offset);
+
+  for (const range of linkRanges) {
+    const entity = entityMap.get(range.key);
+    if (entity?.data.url) {
+      const linkText = text.slice(range.offset, range.offset + range.length);
+      const markdownLink = `[${linkText}](${entity.data.url})`;
+      text = text.slice(0, range.offset) + markdownLink + text.slice(range.offset + range.length);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return text.trim();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Renders an atomic block by looking up its entity and returning appropriate content.
+ */
+function renderAtomicBlock(block: ContentBlock, entityMap: Map<number, EntityValue>): string | undefined {
+  const entityRanges = block.entityRanges ?? [];
+  if (entityRanges.length === 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const entityKey = entityRanges[0].key;
+  const entity = entityMap.get(entityKey);
+
+  if (!entity) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  switch (entity.type) {
+    case 'MARKDOWN':
+      // Code blocks and other markdown content - output as-is
+      return entity.data.markdown?.trim();
+
+    case 'DIVIDER':
+      return '---';
+
+    case 'TWEET':
+      if (entity.data.tweetId) {
+        return `[Embedded Tweet: https://x.com/i/status/${entity.data.tweetId}]`;
+      }
+      return undefined;
+
+    case 'LINK':
+      if (entity.data.url) {
+        return `[Link: ${entity.data.url}]`;
+      }
+      return undefined;
+
+    case 'IMAGE':
+      // Images in atomic blocks - could extract URL if available
+      return '[Image]';
+
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
 export function extractArticleText(result: GraphqlTweetResult | undefined): string | undefined {
   const article = result?.article;
   if (!article) {
@@ -87,7 +334,31 @@ export function extractArticleText(result: GraphqlTweetResult | undefined): stri
       ),
     );
   }
+
   const title = firstText(articleResult.title, article.title);
+
+  // Try to render from rich content_state first (Draft.js format with blocks + entityMap)
+  // This preserves code blocks, embedded tweets, markdown, etc.
+  const contentState = article.article_results?.result?.content_state;
+  const richBody = renderContentState(contentState);
+  if (richBody) {
+    // Rich content found - prepend title if not already included
+    if (title) {
+      const normalizedTitle = title.trim();
+      const trimmedBody = richBody.trimStart();
+      const headingMatches = [`# ${normalizedTitle}`, `## ${normalizedTitle}`, `### ${normalizedTitle}`];
+      const hasTitle =
+        trimmedBody === normalizedTitle ||
+        trimmedBody.startsWith(`${normalizedTitle}\n`) ||
+        headingMatches.some((heading) => trimmedBody.startsWith(heading));
+      if (!hasTitle) {
+        return `${title}\n\n${richBody}`;
+      }
+    }
+    return richBody;
+  }
+
+  // Fallback to plain text extraction for articles without rich content_state
   let body = firstText(
     articleResult.plain_text,
     article.plain_text,

tests/extract-article-text.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import type { GraphqlTweetResult } from '../src/lib/twitter-client-types.js';
+import { extractArticleText } from '../src/lib/twitter-client-utils.js';
+
+describe('extractArticleText', () => {
+  it('does not duplicate title when rich content starts with a heading', () => {
+    const result = {
+      rest_id: '1',
+      article: {
+        title: 'Hello World',
+        article_results: {
+          result: {
+            title: 'Hello World',
+            content_state: {
+              blocks: [
+                {
+                  key: '1',
+                  type: 'header-one',
+                  text: 'Hello World',
+                  entityRanges: [],
+                  inlineStyleRanges: [],
+                },
+              ],
+              entityMap: [],
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as GraphqlTweetResult;
+
+    expect(extractArticleText(result)).toBe('# Hello World');
+  });
+});

tests/live/live.test.ts

@@ -333,4 +333,21 @@ d('live CLI (Twitter/X)', () => {
     expect(snapshot.cached).toBe(true);
     expect(snapshot.ids && Object.keys(snapshot.ids).length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
   });
+
+  it('long-form tweet (article) extracts rich content (opt-in)', async () => {
+    const longformTweetId = (process.env.BIRD_LIVE_LONGFORM_TWEET_ID ?? '').trim();
+    if (!longformTweetId) {
+      // Skip unless explicitly provided - long-form tweets may be deleted/unavailable
+      return;
+    }
+    const read = await runBird([...baseArgs, '--cookie-timeout', cookieTimeoutArg, 'read', longformTweetId, '--json'], {
+      timeoutMs: 45_000,
+    });
+    expect(read.exitCode).toBe(0);
+    const tweet = parseJson<{ id?: string; text?: string }>(read.stdout);
+    expect(tweet.id).toBe(longformTweetId);
+    // Long-form tweets (articles) typically have substantial content (>500 chars)
+    // This verifies the article content is being extracted, not just a stub
+    expect(tweet.text?.length).toBeGreaterThan(500);
+  });
 });

tests/render-content-state.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { renderContentState } from '../src/lib/twitter-client-utils.js';
+
+describe('renderContentState', () => {
+  it('returns undefined for undefined input', () => {
+    expect(renderContentState(undefined)).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('returns undefined for empty blocks', () => {
+    expect(renderContentState({ blocks: [], entityMap: [] })).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('renders unstyled blocks as plain paragraphs', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        { key: '1', type: 'unstyled', text: 'First paragraph', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '2', type: 'unstyled', text: 'Second paragraph', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('First paragraph\n\nSecond paragraph');
+  });
+
+  it('renders header-one as # heading', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [{ key: '1', type: 'header-one', text: 'Main Title', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] }],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('# Main Title');
+  });
+
+  it('renders header-two as ## heading', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [{ key: '1', type: 'header-two', text: 'Section Title', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] }],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('## Section Title');
+  });
+
+  it('renders header-three as ### heading', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [{ key: '1', type: 'header-three', text: 'Subsection', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] }],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('### Subsection');
+  });
+
+  it('renders unordered-list-item as bullet points', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        { key: '1', type: 'unordered-list-item', text: 'Item one', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '2', type: 'unordered-list-item', text: 'Item two', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('- Item one\n\n- Item two');
+  });
+
+  it('renders ordered-list-item with incrementing numbers', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        { key: '1', type: 'ordered-list-item', text: 'First step', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '2', type: 'ordered-list-item', text: 'Second step', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '3', type: 'ordered-list-item', text: 'Third step', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('1. First step\n\n2. Second step\n\n3. Third step');
+  });
+
+  it('resets ordered list counter after non-list block', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        { key: '1', type: 'ordered-list-item', text: 'First', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '2', type: 'ordered-list-item', text: 'Second', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '3', type: 'unstyled', text: 'Paragraph break', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '4', type: 'ordered-list-item', text: 'New first', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('1. First\n\n2. Second\n\nParagraph break\n\n1. New first');
+  });
+
+  it('renders blockquote with > prefix', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [{ key: '1', type: 'blockquote', text: 'A wise quote', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] }],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('> A wise quote');
+  });
+
+  it('renders MARKDOWN entity as code block', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        {
+          key: '1',
+          type: 'atomic',
+          text: ' ',
+          entityRanges: [{ key: 0, offset: 0, length: 1 }],
+          inlineStyleRanges: [],
+        },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [
+        {
+          key: '0',
+          value: {
+            type: 'MARKDOWN',
+            mutability: 'Mutable',
+            data: { markdown: '```bash\necho "hello"\n```' },
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('```bash\necho "hello"\n```');
+  });
+
+  it('handles entityMap object form', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        {
+          key: '1',
+          type: 'atomic',
+          text: ' ',
+          entityRanges: [{ key: 0, offset: 0, length: 1 }],
+        },
+      ],
+      entityMap: {
+        0: {
+          type: 'MARKDOWN',
+          mutability: 'Mutable',
+          data: { markdown: '```js\nconsole.log("ok")\n```' },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('```js\nconsole.log("ok")\n```');
+  });
+
+  it('renders DIVIDER entity as horizontal rule', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        {
+          key: '1',
+          type: 'atomic',
+          text: ' ',
+          entityRanges: [{ key: 0, offset: 0, length: 1 }],
+          inlineStyleRanges: [],
+        },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [
+        {
+          key: '0',
+          value: {
+            type: 'DIVIDER',
+            mutability: 'Immutable',
+            data: {},
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('---');
+  });
+
+  it('renders TWEET entity with URL', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        {
+          key: '1',
+          type: 'atomic',
+          text: ' ',
+          entityRanges: [{ key: 0, offset: 0, length: 1 }],
+          inlineStyleRanges: [],
+        },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [
+        {
+          key: '0',
+          value: {
+            type: 'TWEET',
+            mutability: 'Immutable',
+            data: { tweetId: '1234567890' },
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('[Embedded Tweet: https://x.com/i/status/1234567890]');
+  });
+
+  it('renders LINK entity in atomic block', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        {
+          key: '1',
+          type: 'atomic',
+          text: ' ',
+          entityRanges: [{ key: 0, offset: 0, length: 1 }],
+          inlineStyleRanges: [],
+        },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [
+        {
+          key: '0',
+          value: {
+            type: 'LINK',
+            mutability: 'Mutable',
+            data: { url: 'https://example.com' },
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('[Link: https://example.com]');
+  });
+
+  it('renders inline LINK entity as markdown link', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        {
+          key: '1',
+          type: 'unstyled',
+          text: 'Check out this link for more info',
+          entityRanges: [{ key: 0, offset: 15, length: 4 }],
+          inlineStyleRanges: [],
+        },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [
+        {
+          key: '0',
+          value: {
+            type: 'LINK',
+            mutability: 'Mutable',
+            data: { url: 'https://example.com' },
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('Check out this [link](https://example.com) for more info');
+  });
+
+  it('renders IMAGE entity as placeholder', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        {
+          key: '1',
+          type: 'atomic',
+          text: ' ',
+          entityRanges: [{ key: 0, offset: 0, length: 1 }],
+          inlineStyleRanges: [],
+        },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [
+        {
+          key: '0',
+          value: {
+            type: 'IMAGE',
+            mutability: 'Immutable',
+            data: {},
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('[Image]');
+  });
+
+  it('handles complex document with mixed content', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        { key: '1', type: 'unstyled', text: 'Introduction paragraph.', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '2', type: 'header-two', text: 'Getting Started', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '3', type: 'ordered-list-item', text: 'Install dependencies', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '4', type: 'ordered-list-item', text: 'Run the script', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        {
+          key: '5',
+          type: 'atomic',
+          text: ' ',
+          entityRanges: [{ key: 0, offset: 0, length: 1 }],
+          inlineStyleRanges: [],
+        },
+        { key: '6', type: 'unstyled', text: 'Conclusion.', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [
+        {
+          key: '0',
+          value: {
+            type: 'MARKDOWN',
+            mutability: 'Mutable',
+            data: { markdown: '```bash\nnpm install\n```' },
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(result).toBe(
+      'Introduction paragraph.\n\n' +
+        '## Getting Started\n\n' +
+        '1. Install dependencies\n\n' +
+        '2. Run the script\n\n' +
+        '```bash\nnpm install\n```\n\n' +
+        'Conclusion.',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('skips empty text blocks', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        { key: '1', type: 'unstyled', text: 'Content', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '2', type: 'unstyled', text: '   ', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '3', type: 'unstyled', text: '', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '4', type: 'unstyled', text: 'More content', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('Content\n\nMore content');
+  });
+
+  it('handles missing entityRanges on text blocks', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [{ key: '1', type: 'unstyled', text: 'Content' }],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('Content');
+  });
+
+  it('handles atomic block with missing entity gracefully', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        { key: '1', type: 'unstyled', text: 'Before', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        {
+          key: '2',
+          type: 'atomic',
+          text: ' ',
+          entityRanges: [{ key: 99, offset: 0, length: 1 }],
+          inlineStyleRanges: [],
+        },
+        { key: '3', type: 'unstyled', text: 'After', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('Before\n\nAfter');
+  });
+
+  it('handles atomic block with no entityRanges gracefully', () => {
+    const result = renderContentState({
+      blocks: [
+        { key: '1', type: 'unstyled', text: 'Before', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '2', type: 'atomic', text: ' ', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+        { key: '3', type: 'unstyled', text: 'After', entityRanges: [], inlineStyleRanges: [] },
+      ],
+      entityMap: [],
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe('Before\n\nAfter');
+  });
+});