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source_url: https://arun.is/blog/japan-symbols/
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ingested: 2026-06-28
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sha256: f876c65da1a5796bcc24ae2ba6e6515580c0147fdd2318f60d218577e74bf06c
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discovered_from:
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platform: discord
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channel_name: chat
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message_excerpt: "ingesr https://arun.is/blog/japan-symbols/"
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---
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9 min read Jun 21, 2026
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In modern life, we are surrounded by symbols that guide our everyday movements. When I’m driving, the red octagonal sign on the street reminds me to stop even before I read the word on the sign. And similarly, other street signs signal their meaning through their shape and their color far more than the exact lettering on them.
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And still, in my life here in the United States, words are still needed to convey meaning. A perfect example is the new driver sticker that I often see on the backs of cars around here. Interestingly, I’ve noticed that Japan has many examples of symbols that convey meaning entirely on their own. There are no associated words, and they often convey mutual understanding, where the person displaying a mark and passersby both know what it means. Japan has a very long history of graphic symbols.
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The most famous are probably the [mon or kamon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon_\(emblem\)). They’re Japan’s version of the heraldic system. Unlike other forms like the famous Western coats of arms, these are very simple geometric shapes, often originating from natural sources such as plants and animals, or pure geometric shapes. These found themselves emblazoned on everything from flags and decorations on carriages and other sorts of transportation, but also as decorative designs on finely made objects.
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There are over 30,000 distinct *kamon* designs, and many of them still remain in active use in formal life in Japan. A perfect example is [the stylized paulownia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulownia_crest). The symbol has used hundreds of years and is currently the emblem of the Japanese government ever since the Meiji Restoration.
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## Vehicles
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A place where symbols without words naturally arise is in the world of vehicles. Every manufacturer of cars around the world puts a logo at the front of their car as a symbol of who made it. What’s interesting is that Japan takes things a little bit further with their police and fire services.
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The police system in Japan is sort of a hybrid national-local system, where there is a national organization that oversees all the police, but most of the actual work is still done and organized locally. Fire systems, just like a lot of other places in the world, are mostly local.
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And yet both of these systems have established some national standards. For police cars, one of those is [a golden badge](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%A0_\(%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%AB%A0\)) depicting the rising sun with rays radially around it. It is placed on police cars in lieu of the standard front badge.
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It, alongside the iconic black and white color scheme and red lights on the top of the roof, is one of the most iconic signs of a Japanese police car.
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On the firefighter side, there’s a similar story, where in lieu of the manufacturer mark of a car, you instead see [a symbol based on a snow crystal](https://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/learning/elib/qa/qa_10.html). At the center is a sun surrounded by fire hoses, nozzles, and a water column. And it was chosen for its symbolic meanings of water, unity, and purity.
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But it’s important to note that both of these symbols are supplementary in purpose. It’s pretty obvious to most people when they see a black and white car with flashing red lights on top, or a big red truck with ladders and hoses, that they’re looking at a police car or fire truck respectively.
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However, that’s not the case for all transportation symbols in Japan. And I stumbled upon one of these by accident. In my many visits to transportation-related museums in Japan, I noticed that some trains had [a gold winged triangle emblem](https://rail.hobidas.com/feature/497798/) (tokkyū shinboru māku) at the front.
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Looking at these trains and their shape and their color, I thought that this logo was much like the big yellow cross on the [RX-78 Gundam](https://gundam.fandom.com/wiki/RX-78_Gundam_series). In fact, the trains themselves looked a lot like the Gundam, or maybe the inspiration ran the other direction.
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But in fact, this symbol, all the way up until [the dissolution of Japan National Railway](https://arun.is/blog/jr-logo/) and its privatization, held a very specific function. It designated that the train it was on was a limited express train, or tokkyū service. What’s important about these is that they’re the highest level of service.
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The mark on a 181 series train
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And even though they might use physically similar rolling stock to other types of services, they skip many stops and require an extra fare on top of the normal fare, which pays for your journey to your destination. So from when this symbol was introduced in 1958 all the way up until 1987, it signaled to those on the platform that the train arriving was a *tokkyū* service, the fastest among the trains that would stop there.
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## Driver marks
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For drivers of private vehicles in Japan, there are four symbols that everyone must understand.
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The first is the [shoshin untensha hyōshiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshinsha_mark), or the new driver mark, also called the wakaba mark or the shoshinsha mark. This yellow and green V-shaped symbol is pretty well known around the world as far as Japanese symbols go. It even has its own emoji (🔰) that people often use to mark a beginner.
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It’s mandatory for all new drivers to put it on their car for the first year after obtaining an automobile license. Failure to display it can result in a fine and points on your license.
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I first saw this symbol at car shows, where JDM enthusiasts would add this logo as a stylistic choice to their vehicles.
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Another logo like this is the [kōreisha hyōshiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dreisha_mark), or the elderly driver mark. This four-leaf clover-shaped mark is a relatively recent design, replacing a previous two-color teardrop symbol. Though it’s not mandatory to display, it’s still a good thing to put on a car. And it means that the driver is aged 70 and above.
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For those who are hearing impaired, there’s the [chōkaku shōgaisha hyōshiki](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B4%E8%A6%9A%E9%9A%9C%E5%AE%B3%E8%80%85%E6%A8%99%E8%AD%98), which is a butterfly-shaped mark in yellow and green. And this is another mandatory mark that must be placed on the car, in addition to a special wide-angle rearview mirror to give them expanded peripheral vision, since they would not be able to hear ambient traffic sounds.
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And finally, for people with physical disabilities, there’s one called the [shintai shōgaisha hyōshiki](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BA%AB%E4%BD%93%E9%9A%9C%E5%AE%B3%E8%80%85%E6%A8%99%E8%AD%98), also called the kurōbā māku, the clover mark, or the yotsuba māku. This one’s displayed by drivers who experience physical impairment of the limbs, meaning they’re driving with hand controls or other accessible controls. This, again, is not a requirement, but something that’s highly encouraged.
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In all these cases, these symbols are well known by drivers across Japan. And the expectation is that any other driver who spots a vehicle with one of these stickers would extend extra consideration.
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## Transit marks
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Lastly, on public transit, there are also marks very similar to the driver’s marks that are meant to convey messages that may be too difficult in writing. First is the [Help Mark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help_Mark). It’s a luggage tag, with a white cross and a white heart, meant to be worn very visibly on the outside of the bag.
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This one was designed and issued by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health as a signal to those around the wearer that this person may have a condition that, though invisible from the outside, might mean that they need assistance or consideration.
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The target group here is very broad. They didn’t want to restrict this to any particular group, so they encouraged people with prosthetic limbs or artificial joints, people with internal organ conditions or chronic illnesses, people with mental illnesses, all the way to people with different forms of sensory impairment and people in early pregnancy, to use this mark.
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And the unifying principle is that even though this person might not appear to have some sort of disability or a condition that they do, and that it would be best to give them some extra care in the way that you consider them.
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The guidance that the government gave was that on trains and buses, you should offer your seat to one of these people, because some of them may not be able to stand and grip onto a handle or a strap for extended periods of time.
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At stations and other commercial facilities, staff are expected to offer help or speak up when they see one of these people. And of course, during disasters, everyone, staff and bystanders, is expected to offer extra help and support to these people, as they may not be able to hear announcements or understand what is going on around them.
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There’s a similar but much more specific mark, which is the [maternity mark](https://www.gov-online.go.jp/article/201502/entry-8957.html). And this is a keychain-style tag that, just like the help mark, is a way for someone to mark themselves as pregnant. And this is especially important for women going through their first trimester of pregnancy.
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And the first trimester is extremely important because that’s the time when women are often having trouble eating and may be subject to fainting spells, even though they might look like they’re not pregnant at all.
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## Reading the air
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So all these symbols are found all across different parts of Japanese life. What brings them together is their reliance on pure symbolism. There are no words, English, Japanese, or otherwise, that are employed. And I was curious as to why Japan has these while the US doesn’t.
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I’ve read before about one of the fundamental social skills in Japan called *kūki wo yomu*, or reading the air. It’s essentially the ability to perceive what a situation requires and act accordingly, without anyone having to make the need explicit.
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It’s a system of mutual consideration that makes everything function, from a Tokyo rush hour station where tens of thousands of people are navigating each other in near silence, to much more formal situations where the pressures are not about time, but more about formality and decency.
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But the problem is that sometimes the relevant information can be invisible. A car obscures who’s actually driving it. So while it may look erratic, there might be a perfect reason why the person is driving that way. Similarly, a woman in early pregnancy might look like everyone else, but she’s subject to physical conditions that may need some help from the people around her.
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So when the context is incomplete, you can’t really read the air, and then people can’t respond accordingly. The meaning-creating marks being used here seem to directly address this failure mode. They don’t mess with the social machinery of Japan, but they do supply a little bit of extra missing input to allow that machinery to engage.
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So once you see a sticker on a car or a tag on someone’s bag, you know exactly how to adjust to their presence. It just allows you to better read the situation and respond.
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@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
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||||
---
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||||
source_url: https://www.law.cam.ac.uk/people/academic/do-erdos/5972
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ingested: 2026-06-28
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sha256: fe5e000448ca1820270139fbedec38707dddcc46bfb0f54478d92bffbea8406b
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||||
---
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||||
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# David Erdos — Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge
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[Trinity Hall](http://www.trinhall.cam.ac.uk/)
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### Professor of Law and the Open Society; Co-Director, Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law (CIPIL)
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BA (Oxon); LLB (London); MA PhD (Princeton)
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## Interests
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British-Irish relations, Citizenship Rights, Commonwealth Studies and History, Data Protection, Defamation Law, Empirical Legal Studies, EU Law, Freedom of Expression, Human Rights, Internet Governance, Law of Confidentiality and of the Misuse of Private Information, Media Law, Privacy Law, Research Governance, Socio-Legal Studies
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## Research centres and interest groups
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## CV / Biography
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David Erdos is Co-Director of the Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law (CIPIL) and Professor of Law and the Open Society in the Faculty of Law and also WYNG Fellow in Law at Trinity Hall, University of Cambridge. Before joining Cambridge in October 2013, David spent six years as a research fellow at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, Faculty of Law and Balliol College, University of Oxford.
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David’s principal research explores the nature of data protection especially as it intersects with the right to privacy, freedom of expression, freedom of information and freedom of research. In addition, David has research interests in Commonwealth and European legal and historical development including as this relates to "Westminster"-style bills of rights and related constitutional developments and to the British-Irish relationship.
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David’s Data Protection and the Open Society project has developed arguments about the nature, substance and operation of the law by drawing on rigorous comparative empirical analysis using both quantitative and qualitative methods. This analysis, which draws on his background in both law and political science, has demonstrated that in terms of the application of Data Protection law to journalism, literature and the arts, large differences continue to be apparent between European Union countries. Moreover, such differences appear to reflect broader fissures in legal culture. Anglo and Germanic jurisdictions have tended to insulate journalism from Data Protection, whilst the law of Latin and East European jurisdictions stipulate onerous Data Protection standards even in this sensitive field. A strict approach here also seems correlated both with tight restrictions in the cognate fields of social science and biomedical research and with stringent formal Data Protection standards generally. At the doctrinal level, the project has explored, firstly, how to determine which activities fall within the special purposes derogation for journalism, art and literature and also how to map out an area "midway" between the special purposes derogation and default data protection for activities which either are only or very predominantly concerned with self-expression (for example, many types of social networking which involve indeterminate publication) or which facilitate both special purposes and self-expression (for example, general search engines). In addition, David has explored how data protection has affected the flow of information within research – an area where its stipulations are taken relatively seriously - as well as the impact which the General Data Protection Regulation's inclusion of "academic expression" within the special purposes may have in this area.
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David’s consolidated research focuses on the origins and impacts of bills of rights especially in the UK and other Westminster-styled democracies (Australia, Canada, New Zealand). This work resulted in a publication of a single-authored OUP monograph, Delegating Rights Protection, in 2010. A review of this book is available [here](http://www.lpbr.net/2012/04/delegating-rights-protection-rise-of.html).
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David’s academic work has received funding from a range of sources including the British Academy, Council of Europe, Economic and Social Research Council, European Union and Leverhulme Trust.
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David can be found on Twitter [@daviderdos](http://www.twitter.com/daviderdos)
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## Selected publications
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#### Books
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### European Data Protection Regulation, Journalism, and Traditional Publishers: Balancing on a Tightrope? (Oxford University Press, 2019)
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Publisher:
|
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[Oxford University Press](https://www.law.cam.ac.uk/publisher/oxford-university-press)
|
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|
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Link:
|
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|
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[https://academic.oup.com/book/36724](https://academic.oup.com/book/36724)
|
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|
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ISBN 13:
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978-0198841982
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### Delegating Rights Protection: The Rise of Bills of Rights in the Westminster World (Oxford University Press, 2010)
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Publisher:
|
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|
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[Oxford University Press](https://www.law.cam.ac.uk/publisher/oxford-university-press)
|
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|
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Link:
|
||||
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[https://global.oup.com/academic/product/delegating-rights-protection-9780199557769?cc=gb&lang=en&](https://global.oup.com/academic/product/delegating-rights-protection-9780199557769?cc=gb&lang=en&=)
|
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ISBN 13:
|
||||
|
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9780199557769
|
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|
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#### Articles
|
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|
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### '"The Retained EU Law Act and Regulations 2023/1417: Undercutting the UK’s European Data Protection Rights Commitments?"' 2025 1-21
|
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|
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Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
2025 1-21
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
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[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2230.12956](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2230.12956)
|
||||
|
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DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1111/1468-2230.12956
|
||||
|
||||
Published: May 2025
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Ireland and the Commonwealth, 1949–60: External Association Redux?' Journal of Contemporary History (2025), pp. 1-27
|
||||
|
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Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Journal of Contemporary History (2025), pp. 1-27
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
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|
||||
[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00220094251335258](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00220094251335258)
|
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|
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DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1177/00220094251335258
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Apr 2025
|
||||
|
||||
### '‘Penniless Orientals of the Pedlar Type’: The Republic of Ireland and Commonwealth Migrant Rights, 1940s–1970s' Contemporary European History (2025), pp. 1-21
|
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|
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Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Contemporary European History (2025), pp. 1-21
|
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|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/contemporary-european-history/article/penniless-orientals-of-the-pedlar-type-the-republic-of-ireland-and-commonwealth-migrant-rights-1940s1970s/598DAB3416C079EA88F1BC550A367219](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/contemporary-european-history/article/penniless-orientals-of-the-pedlar-type-the-republic-of-ireland-and-commonwealth-migrant-rights-1940s1970s/598DAB3416C079EA88F1BC550A367219)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1017/S0960777324000651
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Apr 2025
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Palestine and the Modern Commonwealth: Past Engagements and Future Membership?' The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs Vol. 113(3), pp. 217-234 (2024)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs Vol. 113(3), pp. 217-234 (2024)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00358533.2024.2363039](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00358533.2024.2363039)
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Jul 2024
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Reanalysing Ireland’s Exit from the Commonwealth 1948-49: The Brexit Isles’ Alter Ego?' Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History (Vol. 52(4-5), pp. 707-747) (2024)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History (Vol. 52(4-5), pp. 707-747) (2024)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03086534.2024.2362991](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03086534.2024.2362991)
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Jun 2024
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Identification in EU Data Protection Law: Authenticating Another Broad Concept in EU Data Protection Law' (Vol. 46) Computer Law and Security Review (2022)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
(Vol. 46) Computer Law and Security Review (2022)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364922000668](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364922000668)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105721
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Sep 2022
|
||||
|
||||
### 'The UK and the EU Personal Data Framework after Brexit: A New Trade and Cooperation Partnership based on Council of Europe Convention 108+?' (Vol. 44) Computer Law and Security Review (2022)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
(Vol. 44) Computer Law and Security Review (2022)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364921001126](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364921001126)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105639
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Apr 2022
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Comparing Constitutional Privacy and Data Protection Rights within the EU' European Law Review (Vol. 47(4), pp. 482-513) (2022)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
European Law Review (Vol. 47(4), pp. 482-513) (2022)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract\_id=3843653](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3843653)
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Jan 2022
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Special, Personal and Broad Expression: Exploring Freedom of Expression Norms under the General Data Protection Regulation' (Vol. 40, pp. 398-430) Yearbook of European Law (2021)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
(Vol. 40, pp. 398-430) Yearbook of European Law (2021)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://academic.oup.com/yel/article/doi/10.1093/yel/yeab004/6271406](https://academic.oup.com/yel/article/doi/10.1093/yel/yeab004/6271406)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1093/yel/yeab004
|
||||
|
||||
Published: May 2021
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Dead Ringers? Legal Persons and the Deceased in European Data Protection Law' (Vol. 40) Computer Law and Security Review (2021)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
(Vol. 40) Computer Law and Security Review (2021)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026736492030100X](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026736492030100X)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1016/j.clsr.2020.105495
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Apr 2021
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Intermediary Publishers and European data protection: Delimiting the ambit of responsibility for third-party rights through a synthetic interpretation of the EU acquis' International Journal of Law and Information Technology (Vol. 26(3), pp. 189-225) (2018)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
International Journal of Law and Information Technology (Vol. 26(3), pp. 189-225) (2018)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/article/26/3/189/5033541](https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/article/26/3/189/5033541)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1093/ijlit/eay007
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Jun 2018
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Statutory Regulation of Professional Journalism Under European Data Protection: Down But Not Out?' Journal of Media Law (Vol. 8 (2), pp. 229-265) (2016)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Journal of Media Law (Vol. 8 (2), pp. 229-265) (2016)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17577632.2016.1250405](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17577632.2016.1250405)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1080/17577632.2016.1250405
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Nov 2016
|
||||
|
||||
### 'European Data Protection Regulation and Online New Media: Mind the Enforcement Gaps' Journal of Law and Society (Vol. 43 (4), pp. 534-64) (2016)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Journal of Law and Society (Vol. 43 (4), pp. 534-64) (2016)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jols.12002](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jols.12002)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1111/jols.12002
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Nov 2016
|
||||
|
||||
### 'European Data Protection and Media Expression: Fundamentally Off Balance' International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 65 (1), pp. 139-183 (2016)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 65 (1), pp. 139-183 (2016)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly/article/european-union-data-protection-law-and-media-expression-fundamentally-off-balance/A2A7076F4B8648BD263665E9CBEBFF3E](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly/article/european-union-data-protection-law-and-media-expression-fundamentally-off-balance/A2A7076F4B8648BD263665E9CBEBFF3E)
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Jan 2016
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Data Protection and the Right to Reputation: Filling the “Gaps” After the Defamation Act 2013' Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 73(3), pp. 536-569 (2014)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 73(3), pp. 536-569 (2014)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-law-journal/article/data-protection-and-the-right-to-reputation-filling-the-gaps-after-the-defamation-act-2013/63EA42C36EAB40CF7D7D3B24A4B0CC18](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-law-journal/article/data-protection-and-the-right-to-reputation-filling-the-gaps-after-the-defamation-act-2013/63EA42C36EAB40CF7D7D3B24A4B0CC18)
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Dec 2014
|
||||
|
||||
### 'The Rudd Government’s Rejection of an Australian Bill of Rights: A Stunted Case of Aversive Constitutionalism?' Parliamentary Affairs, Vol. 65 (2), pp. 359-379 (2012)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Parliamentary Affairs, Vol. 65 (2), pp. 359-379 (2012)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://academic.oup.com/pa/article/65/2/359/1432017](https://academic.oup.com/pa/article/65/2/359/1432017)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1093/pa/gsr040
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Apr 2012
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Constructing the Labyrinth: The impact of data protection on the development of ‘ethical’ regulation in social science' Information Communication and Society, Vol. 15 (1), pp. 104-123 (2012)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Information Communication and Society, Vol. 15 (1), pp. 104-123 (2012)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2011.630403](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2011.630403)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1080/1369118X.2011.630403
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Nov 2011
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Systematically Handicapped? Social Research in the Data Protection Framework' Information and Communications Technology Law, Vol. 20 (2), pp. 83-101 (2011)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Information and Communications Technology Law, Vol. 20 (2), pp. 83-101 (2011)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13600834.2011.578925](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13600834.2011.578925)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1080/13600834.2011.578925
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Jun 2011
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Smoke but No Fire? The Politics of a ‘British’ Bill of Rights' Political Quarterly, Vol. 81 (2), pp. 188-198 (2010)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Political Quarterly, Vol. 81 (2), pp. 188-198 (2010)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2010.02091.x](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2010.02091.x)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1111/j.1467-923X.2010.02091.x
|
||||
|
||||
Published: May 2010
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Postmaterialist Social Constituencies and Political Triggers: Explaining Bill of Rights Genesis in Internally Stable, Advanced Democracies' Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 64 (4), pp. 798-810, (2009)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 64 (4), pp. 798-810, (2009)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1065912909349625](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1065912909349625)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1177/106591290934962
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Nov 2009
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Charter 88, Democratic Constitutionalism and Europeanisation – Ambiguous Relationships' Parliamentary Affairs, Vol. 64 (4), pp. 580-599 (2009)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Parliamentary Affairs, Vol. 64 (4), pp. 580-599 (2009)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://academic.oup.com/pa/article/62/4/580/1538870](https://academic.oup.com/pa/article/62/4/580/1538870)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1093/pa/gsp021
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Oct 2009
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Judicial Culture and the Politico-legal Opportunity structure: Explaining Bill of Rights Legal Impact in New Zealand' Law and Social Inquiry, Vol. 34 (1), pp. 95-127 (2009
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Ideology, Power Orientation and Policy Drag: Explaining the Elite Politics of Britain’s Bill of Rights debate' Government and Opposition, Vol. 44(1), pp. 20-41 (2009)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Government and Opposition, Vol. 44(1), pp. 20-41 (2009)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2008.01274.x](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2008.01274.x)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1111/j.1477-7053.2008.01274.x
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Dec 2008
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Elite Supply ‘Blockages’ and the Failure of National Bill of Rights Initiatives in Australia: a Comparative Westminster Analysis' Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, Vol. 46(3), pp. 341-364 (2008)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, Vol. 46(3), pp. 341-364 (2008)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14662040802176566](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14662040802176566)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1080/14662040802176566
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Jun 2008
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Aversive Constitutionalism in the Westminster World: the genesis of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act (1990)' International Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 5(2) pp. 343-369) (2007)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
International Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 5(2) pp. 343-369) (2007)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://academic.oup.com/icon/article/5/2/343/850099](https://academic.oup.com/icon/article/5/2/343/850099)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1093/icon/mom001
|
||||
|
||||
Published: Apr 2007
|
||||
|
||||
### 'The ʻRight to be Forgottenʼ Beyond the EU: An Analysis of Wider G20 Regulatory Action and Potential Next Steps' Journal of Media Law (Vol. 13(1), pp. 1-35) (2021)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Journal of Media Law (Vol. 13(1), pp. 1-35) (2021)
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Stuck in the Thicket? Social Research under the First Data Protection Principle' International Journal of Law and Information Technology, Vol. 19 (2), pp. 133-152 (2011)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
International Journal of Law and Information Technology, Vol. 19 (2), pp. 133-152 (2011)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/article/19/2/133/768349](https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/article/19/2/133/768349)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1093/ijlit/ear001
|
||||
|
||||
### 'The ʻRight to be Forgottenʼ Online within G20 Statutory Data Protection Frameworks' International Data Privacy Law (Vol. 10(4), pp. 294-313) (2020)
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Disclosure, Exposure and the ʻRight to be Forgottenʼ after Google Spain: Interrogating Google Search’s webmaster, end user and Lumen notification practices' Computer Law and Security Review (Vol. 38) (2020)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Computer Law and Security Review (Vol. 38) (2020)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026736492030042X](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026736492030042X)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.1016/j.clsr.2020.105437
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Beyond ʻHaving a Domesticʼ? Regulatory Interpretation of European Data Protection Law and Individual Publication' Computer Law and Security Review (Vol. 33 (3), pp. 275-297) (2017)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Computer Law and Security Review (Vol. 33 (3), pp. 275-297) (2017)
|
||||
|
||||
### 'European Regulatory Interpretation of the Interface between Data Protection and Traditional Journalism: An Incomplete and Imperfect Balancing Act?' Public Law, Issue 4, pp. 631-650 \[2016\]
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Public Law, Issue 4, pp. 631-650 \[2016\]
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Data Protection Confronts Freedom of Expression on the ʻNew Mediaʼ Internet: The Stance of European Regulatory Authorities' European Law Review, Vol. 40 (4), pp. 531-562 (2015)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
European Law Review, Vol. 40 (4), pp. 531-562 (2015)
|
||||
|
||||
### 'From the Scylla of Restriction to the Charybdis of License? Exploring the scope of the “special purposes” freedom of expression shield in European data protection' Common Market Law Review, Vol. 52 (1) pp. 119-153 (2015)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Common Market Law Review, Vol. 52 (1) pp. 119-153 (2015)
|
||||
|
||||
Link:
|
||||
|
||||
[https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/Common+Market+Law+Review/52.1/COLA2015005](https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/Common+Market+Law+Review/52.1/COLA2015005)
|
||||
|
||||
DOI:
|
||||
|
||||
10.54648/cola2015005
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Freedom of Expression Turned On Its Head: Academic Social Research and Journalism in the European Union’s Privacy Framework' Public Law, Issue 1, pp. 52-73 (2013)
|
||||
|
||||
Citation:
|
||||
|
||||
Public Law, Issue 1, pp. 52-73 (2013)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Book Chapters
|
||||
|
||||
### "“Google Spain, Google Inc. v Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD) (2014)” ", Landmark Cases in Privacy Law (Hart Publishing, 2023), pp. 261-280
|
||||
|
||||
### "Google Spain, Google Inc. v Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD) (2014)" in Peter Coe and Paul Wragg (ed(s)), Landmark Cases in Privacy Law (Hart Publishing, 2023)
|
||||
|
||||
### ""Hiding in Plain Sight: Right to be Forgotten and Search Engines in the Context of International Data Protection Frameworks"" (with Krzysztof Garstka ) in Luca Belli and Nicolas Zingales (ed(s)), Platform Regulations: How Platforms Are Regulated and How They Regulate Us (FGV Direito Rio, 2017), pp. 127-147
|
||||
|
||||
Publisher:
|
||||
|
||||
[FGV Direito Rio](https://www.law.cam.ac.uk/publisher/fgv-direito-rio)
|
||||
|
||||
Pages:
|
||||
|
||||
127-147
|
||||
|
||||
ISBN 13:
|
||||
|
||||
978-85-9597-014-4
|
||||
|
||||
Link
|
||||
|
||||
[https://repositorio.fgv.br/items/d35abb4b-ed3c-467c-97c8-5c59710cc9c7](https://repositorio.fgv.br/items/d35abb4b-ed3c-467c-97c8-5c59710cc9c7)
|
||||
|
||||
Published Nov 2017
|
||||
|
||||
### " “New Zealand: Abandoning Westminster?”" in Denis Galligan and Mila Versteeg (ed(s)), The Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions, 2013), pp. 322-342
|
||||
|
||||
### "“Questions of Tolerance and Fairness”" in Harry Hirsch (ed(s)), The Future of Gay Rights in America (Routledge, 2005), pp. 15-35
|
||||
|
||||
Publisher:
|
||||
|
||||
[Routledge](https://www.law.cam.ac.uk/publisher/routledge)
|
||||
|
||||
Pages:
|
||||
|
||||
15-35
|
||||
|
||||
ISBN 13:
|
||||
|
||||
9780415950787
|
||||
|
||||
Link
|
||||
|
||||
[https://www.routledge.com/The-Future-of-Gay-Rights-in-America/Hirsch/p/book/9780415950787?srsltid=AfmBOoqaCEeMyqpXUHs0fJ4mDaGjvEguzOie0dBD\_LLivpaKZi2BYO0Q](https://www.routledge.com/The-Future-of-Gay-Rights-in-America/Hirsch/p/book/9780415950787?srsltid=AfmBOoqaCEeMyqpXUHs0fJ4mDaGjvEguzOie0dBD_LLivpaKZi2BYO0Q)
|
||||
|
||||
Published Sep 2005
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
source_url: https://baku89.com/Principles_for_Digital_Gardening
|
||||
ingested: 2026-06-28
|
||||
sha256: 656891bdf705ed48f7c1a453065d9cb00c48ff1e0d2767d7ecef38c1a28b7a9f
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
I want to consolidate all of my notes and portfolio into a single homepage by the end of 2025.
|
||||
From there, I’m thinking through a set of principles to implement [Digital Gardening](https://baku89.com/Digital_Gardening) in some sort of CMS system much more concretely.
|
||||
|
||||
### Principles and Their Design Implications
|
||||
|
||||
- **Don’t trust classification -- 分類を信じない**
|
||||
- Place all pages directly under the root
|
||||
- Don’t distinguish between content and taxonomy.
|
||||
- “Linking to A” ⇔ “Belongs to A” is treated as equivalent
|
||||
- Use a single post type.
|
||||
- Instead of creating distinct post types like `author` and `news` with
|
||||
- Abandon the idea of completion -- [完成概念](https://baku89.com/%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5) を捨てる
|
||||
- Pages are to be continually updated.
|
||||
- Avoid using chronological timelines unless explicitly written as a diary
|
||||
- **Make it permanent -- 永続的にする**
|
||||
- Trust plain text.
|
||||
- HTML or Markdown will likely outlast proprietrary services like Newt or MicroCMS, even if they allow much richer and intuitive experience for writing
|
||||
- Make it [Wayback-Machine-friendly](https://baku89.com/Wayback-Machine-friendly).
|
||||
- SEOのためではなく、Wayback Machneに適切にクロールされるためにServer-Side Generationする
|
||||
- Secure a domain at least for a decade.
|
||||
- Ensure URLs remain persistent.
|
||||
|
||||
### Page Status
|
||||
|
||||
- `published: true`: パーマリンクが固定され、バージョン管理がなされている状態。引用することができる
|
||||
- 論文における `In Proceedings` の概念。一度掲載されたものは、DOIが付与され、内容が改ざんされることなく、本人の意志を問わず永続的に公開され続ける
|
||||
- `published: false`: 公開されず、書いた本人にしか見れない
|
||||
- `draft`: 無責任なメモ書き。デフォルトの状態。公開されてはいるが、随時内容が変わる可能性があり、かつアーカイブもされない
|
||||
|
||||
とすると `published | draft | private` のほうが良くない?
|
||||
|
||||
### Page Visibility Settings
|
||||
|
||||
- `sage`: 一覧表示はされないが、リンクをたどることで到達することは出来る
|
||||
- `unlisted`: URLを知らない人にしか見れないページ。URL末尾にパスワード代わりのハッシュが付く。 `baku89.com/the-post-name/aif9d38xe21` のように
|
||||
- `protected`: GitHub Sponsor, Patoreon等、何らかのメンバーシップによる認証を必須とする
|
||||
- パスワード付きのページは要らない。
|
||||
```ts
|
||||
type PageAttribute = {
|
||||
title: string | { ja?: string; en?: string };
|
||||
date: string;
|
||||
published: boolean;
|
||||
draft: boolean;
|
||||
restrict: "sage" | "unlisted" | "protected";
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
メモとWikiとCMSを兼ね備えたデジタル [庭](https://baku89.com/%E5%BA%AD) を今年中に整えたい
|
||||
|
||||
- **欲しい**
|
||||
- ObsidianのようなLocal-first性
|
||||
- CosenseのようなCRDTベース?の共同編集( あまり必須じゃない )
|
||||
- Nuxt ContentのようなMarkdown + 拡張構文(MDC)
|
||||
- **どうしたい?**
|
||||
- 現状のポートフォリオなどのコンテンツを全部そっちに移す
|
||||
- 画像やCVなどもそちらに
|
||||
|
||||
### 実装
|
||||
|
||||
- Wordpress + WPGraphQL
|
||||
- Xserverで(あんまり褒められた使い方じゃないけど)Node.js/Nitroを走らせる
|
||||
- [HyperMD](https://baku89.com/HyperMD) を使う?
|
||||
- Milkdown looks much more modern and still maintained
|
||||
|
||||
### メモ
|
||||
|
||||
Nuxt Contentの [queryContent()](https://content.nuxt.com/composables/query-content) あたりで、REST APIらしきものは実装できる
|
||||
Vault全体をgitで管理するのもいいが、そうなるとモバイルでの編集性が悪くなる
|
||||
|
||||
[**GitHub - vrtmrz/obsidian-livesync** *Contribute to vrtmrz/obsidian-livesync development by creating an account on GitHub.* *github.com*](https://github.com/vrtmrz/obsidian-livesync?tab=readme-ov-file)
|
||||
- Parsing Obsidian-specific syntax in Nuxt Content
|
||||
- [https://www.codybontecou.com/nuxt-content-and-obsidian-links](https://www.codybontecou.com/nuxt-content-and-obsidian-links)
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
source_url: https://awo.agency/about/team/ravi-naik/
|
||||
ingested: 2026-06-28
|
||||
sha256: a95d7140fac8da72023112a0b3a7fe6db274e7b554ebbc5c6b6194971c5ed8e2
|
||||
---
|
||||
Legal director Ravi Naik is an internationally recognised solicitor, with a pioneering practice in technological innovation. He is described as ‘the best of the best solicitors to work with on bleeding edge tech and data issues’ and ‘ahead of the curve, an innovative thinker and a joy to work with’. His recent work includes the first claim in English courts to test the liability of AI developers for the way their systems are designed.
|
||||
|
||||
## Litigation
|
||||
|
||||
Ravi has a prominent litigation practice including agenda-setting cases:
|
||||
|
||||
- Acting for Jess Asato MP in her claim against xAI, the company behind Elon Musk’s *Grok* chatbot, over the creation of non-consensual, sexualised deepfake images – one of the first claims to test the liability of AI developers for the way their systems are designed.
|
||||
- Acting for Professor David Carroll in his cases against Cambridge Analytica.
|
||||
- Representing Tanya O’Carroll in her landmark claim against Meta (Facebook), which concluded in 2025 with Meta agreeing to stop using her personal data for targeted advertising – the first agreement of its kind in the UK, with the ICO intervening in support, and a potential precedent for challenging surveillance advertising.
|
||||
- Representing the claimant in *RTM v Bonne Terre*, a key precedent on data protection principles, the online gambling industry’s use of data and technology, and the wider AdTech system.
|
||||
- Acting on a range of cases relating to the online advertising technology industry, including cases leading to landmark CJEU decisions.
|
||||
|
||||
Through his work Ravi has become recognised as a leading expert on the GDPR, Data Protection Act, PECR and related issues such as data breaches, compensation claims, ICO actions, subject access requests, “right to be forgotten” requests and compliance analysis of developing technology. He is also known for administrative and public law challenges, as well as regulatory matters. Ravi has litigated at every level, including the Supreme Court and European Courts.
|
||||
|
||||
## Advisory work
|
||||
|
||||
Ravi is the first-choice advisor to a range of actors including multinational and prominent tech companies, government agencies, national and international unions, foundations, national and international advocacy organisations, policy makers and individuals. Ravi is also instructed by regulatory authorities, including the Information Commissioner’s Office. Ravi is also often sought by those in the creative industry, such as musicians, authors and artists, relating to emerging technology.
|
||||
|
||||
That breadth of clients has meant Ravi has provided advice in diverse contexts including novel advertising technology, smart city developments, decentralised technologies (blockchain) and the development and deployment of artificial intelligence models. He recently advised author and former Meta executive Sarah Wynn-Williams in relation to her bestselling memoir *Careless People*, including legal matters in the UK and US, and advising her in respect of her appearance before the US Senate. That matter that has raised novel questions about the reach of private arbitration where it intersects with free expression and public interest disclosure.
|
||||
|
||||
## Press coverage
|
||||
|
||||
Media coverage regularly follows, in national and international press, including the *New York Times*, the *BBC*, the *Financial Times*, the *Daily Mail*, the *Guardian*, *Politico* and others. Ravi has also appeared in feature length documentaries, including the *Great Hack* and *Coded Bias* on Netflix. Ravi is often sought for commentary on these fast-developing areas of law, including commissions for comment pieces by the Guardian and Slate. Ravi has also had academic work published by Oxford University and Harvard. He was named *The Times’* *Lawyer of the Week* and featured in the *Law Society Gazette’s* “Lawyer in the News” for his work on the O’Carroll case.
|
||||
|
||||
## Other appointments
|
||||
|
||||
Ravi is currently an Honorary Professor of Practice at UCL Laws, which followed an extended period as a Visiting Fellow at Oxford Internet Institute.
|
||||
|
||||
Ravi has won numerous awards and distinctions, including an honorary doctorate and the Law Society’s prestigious Human Rights Lawyer of the Year award. He was also awarded the Praeses Elit award by Trinity College Law Society in Dublin, Ireland, founded by former President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner Mary Robinson – the highest honour bestowed by the Trinity Law Society to “those who have left an indelible impact on their chosen field and who have advanced discourse and societal thought in the process.”
|
||||
|
||||
Ravi also holds several advisory positions, such as recent memberships of the Law Society Human Rights Committee, the Aspen Digital Working Group, a BIICL commission and the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom.
|
||||
|
||||
[Ravi’s CV can be found here](https://awo.agency/documents/41/Ravi_Naik_-_CV_June_2026.pdf).
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
source_url: https://youtu.be/gFuN8DMrp9k?si=4YvXULnhYnRFVBVf
|
||||
ingested: 2026-06-28
|
||||
sha256: f4429ef9c75e64beead4e6f1097091f63c052350a83228ac5637671e56ccb311
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# “人為的にバズらせる” SNS操る「農場」ビジネスを取材 「テスト」と書かれただけの投稿が6分で100万回表示… 選挙で悪用の懸念も【報道特集】|TBS NEWS DIG
|
||||
|
||||
Source: https://youtu.be/gFuN8DMrp9k?si=4YvXULnhYnRFVBVf
|
||||
Channel: TBS NEWS DIG Powered by JNN
|
||||
Language: ja
|
||||
|
||||
## Transcript
|
||||
|
||||
[00:01] 食集はSNSの閲覧数やいいねの数を買う
|
||||
[00:05] ことができるという農場についてです。え
|
||||
[00:08] 、いわゆるバズる状態を人意的に作り出す
|
||||
[00:11] ことができる農場。これが選挙で使われる
|
||||
[00:15] 時何が起きるのでしょうか?賛成の諸君の
|
||||
[00:19] 起を求めます。では昨日
|
||||
[00:22] 起立多数よって本案は委員長報告の通り可決いたしました。選挙期間中の
|
||||
[00:31] SNS
|
||||
[00:31] による偽情報対策強化のための改正法案が衆議院を通過した。
|
||||
[00:40] SNS事業
|
||||
[00:41] 者に必要な対策を取るよう求める一方、罰則の導入は見送ら。
|
||||
[00:53] SNS
|
||||
[00:54] の投稿を分析している東京大学大学院の鳥藤教授。最近行われた国選挙で不審な現象を観測した。
|
||||
[01:09] これはあの明らかに不自然と言っていいと思います。
|
||||
[01:14] これはX
|
||||
[01:15] のある海外ニュース系アカウントの投稿がリポストされた回数を示すグラフだ。
|
||||
[01:23] 20
|
||||
[01:24] 時間経たないうちに何度も増減を繰り返している。
|
||||
[01:29] 普通はこうまっすぐBと伸びていきます。
|
||||
[01:32] ああいうことです。
|
||||
[01:33] 一旦リポストした人たちがそれを取り消してるという
|
||||
[01:37] ことを意味するんですね。
|
||||
[01:39] ちょっと考えづらいと、
|
||||
[01:41] え、いうところですので、自動化されてるのは間違いないかなとは思います。
|
||||
[01:47] この不自然な動きについて鳥教授は痕跡を残さないようにしながら投稿をトレンドやおすめに表示されやすくするためではないかと推測する。
|
||||
[02:02] 選挙期間は特にその混乱を与えるためにやるっていうケースが多いので
|
||||
[02:07] ほ
|
||||
[02:08] 皆さんが正しい判断をしづらくなると
|
||||
[02:10] うん。
|
||||
[02:11] 何がこうバズっているのかっていうのは社会に大きな影響を与えると思うんですけれどもそれ自体がま可能であるという風に考えた方がよろしいんでしょうか?
|
||||
[02:23] そうですね。ある程度はやはり操作できるものであると
|
||||
[02:26] いう風に考えていいと思います。
|
||||
[02:31] SNS
|
||||
[02:31] 空間はどのようにして操作されてしまうのか。その実態を探る。
|
||||
[02:38] 引き上げ。
|
||||
[02:40] あ、もう100万回になった。
|
||||
[02:45] SNS
|
||||
[02:45] の闇としてスマホ農場という言葉を解説する
|
||||
[02:50] YouTube動画がある。
|
||||
[02:54] ユーザーからの反応、高評価とか再生数とかの数値のことだな。これが売られてるのだが。
|
||||
[03:00] 分かったわ。
|
||||
[03:01] その増やす方法が農場ってやつなのね。
|
||||
[03:06] 農場とは何か?
|
||||
[03:10] このチャンネルのプロフィールに記載され
|
||||
[03:13] ていたサイトを見るとYouTubeの
|
||||
[03:16] 再生回数やXのインプレッションなど
|
||||
[03:20] SNSの様々な数値を買うことができるの
|
||||
[03:24] だという。
|
||||
[03:26] 取材を依頼すると農場運営者だという人物
|
||||
[03:30] から変信があった。
|
||||
[03:33] セキュリティ上設備は見せられないが、
|
||||
[03:37] 撮影NGなどの条件でインタビュー取材に
|
||||
[03:41] 応じるという。
|
||||
[03:44] 約束の日にTBSに現れたのは農場運営者
|
||||
[03:49] の第2人だという男性。年齢は18歳で
|
||||
[03:55] 都内の南関大学に通う理系の学生だという
|
||||
[03:59] 。
|
||||
[04:02] え、実際にこの中に、え、取材を受けて
|
||||
[04:05] くれてる方がですね、え、その農場と言わ
|
||||
[04:08] れる組織の関係者であるのかどうか、え、
|
||||
[04:11] これから実験をしてみたいと思います。え
|
||||
[04:13] 、こちらにですね、え、今日新たに解説し
|
||||
[04:17] たアカウントのXがあります。え、これ
|
||||
[04:20] からですね、ここに、え、新たな
|
||||
[04:25] 投稿をします。え、テストと書いただけの
|
||||
[04:28] こ投稿ですね。
|
||||
[04:32] これを今投稿したところです。え、実際に、え、この投稿の、え、インプレッションを、え、こちらの農場の組織で、え、引き上げることができるということなので、実際それをやってもらおうと思います。
|
||||
[04:47] じゃあ、お願いします。
|
||||
[04:52] 男性はインプレッションを増やす令を農場に出すとしてこう告げた。
|
||||
[04:59] 50
|
||||
[05:00] 万やるつもりだけど、もし余裕があったらもうちょっと増やすかもしれません。投稿からおよそ
|
||||
[05:09] 5分後。
|
||||
[05:10] あ、これ
|
||||
[05:13] 49
|
||||
[05:13] 万回表示ってなってますね。これついさっき投稿したテストという
|
||||
[05:22] Xの投稿。え、数分前ですけれども、もう
|
||||
[05:26] すでに49万回表示されてます。
|
||||
[05:31] これがこの農場のお効果ですね。
|
||||
[05:38] あ、もう100万回になった。
|
||||
[05:42] はあ、これすごいね。あっという間にこの
|
||||
[05:47] インプレッションが100万回に到達し
|
||||
[05:50] ました。
|
||||
[05:53] この農場の願いと書かれただけのポストで
|
||||
[05:58] 100万人が見たことになっている。
|
||||
[06:03] さらに男性はこう続ける。
|
||||
[06:07] イネ数も増やしましょうか。
|
||||
[06:11] あ、増えてきてる。
|
||||
[06:13] あ、これいいネスもこれリアルタイムで増えてきてる。見てみて。
|
||||
[06:18] 40まで上がりました。42
|
||||
[06:20] どんどんどんどん上がっててますね、これ。
|
||||
[06:26] その後投稿からわずか30分でいい根が
|
||||
[06:32] 1000以上ついた。
|
||||
[06:37] ただテストと書いてるだけの投稿
|
||||
[06:42] ものすごいバズってることになってます。
|
||||
[06:46] これは
|
||||
[06:49] こんなのありですかね?本当に。
|
||||
[06:53] 男性は農場を好表現した。
|
||||
[06:59] SNS
|
||||
[06:59] って数字を持っている人が力を持つみたいなところがあって、それが貸化されてさらに勝ちやすくなる循環がある。その構造において最適化したブースター加速機を提供しているにすぎません。
|
||||
[07:17] SNSの加速機だという農場。
|
||||
[07:21] 男性がホワイトボードに書いたのはその
|
||||
[07:24] 外略図だ。これを元に取材を重ね、CGで
|
||||
[07:29] 再現した。電波などを遮断する二重扉の
|
||||
[07:35] シールドルーム内に実際の農場のように
|
||||
[07:39] 60のラックが並んでいるという。1つの
|
||||
[07:43] ラックには144個のボックスが並ぶ。
|
||||
[07:47] それぞれのボックスにはスマホの基盤が
|
||||
[07:51] 12枚あり、パイプから特殊な冷却駅が
|
||||
[07:54] 供給されているという。
|
||||
[07:59] シールのルーム内にある基盤はおよそ
|
||||
[08:03] 10万枚。同様の施設が茨城県内に4つ
|
||||
[08:08] あり、かかった費用は数十億円規模だとし
|
||||
[08:13] ている。
|
||||
[08:15] 嫌いない容に応じていいねや動画の再生回数などを増やしているという。年間何件の依頼があるんですか?
|
||||
[08:28] 数千万から数億円です。じゃんじゃん来てると売上は非公開なんです。支払いがドルとか仮想通貨とかありますから。利益は大体
|
||||
[08:39] 45億円ぐらいかな。年間。
|
||||
[08:45] 依頼の多くは海外のサイトやダークウェブ
|
||||
[08:49] など様々なルートで届き、そのほとんど
|
||||
[08:54] プログラムが自動で対応しているという。
|
||||
[08:58] 今年の主院戦では候補者の陣営から投稿が
|
||||
[09:04] 多くの人に高く評価されていると
|
||||
[09:06] 見せかける依頼が複数来ていたと話す。
|
||||
[09:11] だが法律に違反する可能性などを考慮し、選挙関連と見られる依頼は
|
||||
[09:17] AIなどを使って弾くようにしたという。
|
||||
[09:23] 全部見るのは不可能でランダムでチェックしています。万が一見つかった場合はキャンセル扱いで返金もせずという対応をしています。
|
||||
[09:36] 依頼内容によっては誹謗中症やマの拡散に加担している可能性もあることに。
|
||||
[09:45] 社会を歪めている感じはしませんか?
|
||||
[09:49] 多少なりあると思いますけど、でもそれは結果論であってそれを防ぐのは何かと言ったら規制するとかプラットフォームの責任責任になりますけど農場を使ったいね
|
||||
[10:08] SNS
|
||||
[10:09] 数値の操作要なプラットフォームを取材
|
||||
[10:14] すると削除などの対応を行ってると回答した。
|
||||
[10:22] SNS
|
||||
[10:23] 空間は人意的に操作可能性を前提にする必要があると
|
||||
[10:31] 鳥教授は指摘する。
|
||||
[10:33] 直すは。それをやってる人が
|
||||
[10:35] 選挙期間中にこういったことが行われると、あの、非常に大きなその影響力を持ってしまいますね。
|
||||
[10:45] これはあの、もう今の時代はそういう、え、選挙戦になっているという認識をまず持つべきだと思います。
|
||||
[10:53] うん。
|
||||
[10:53] 今見ているその情報というのが、ま、誰がどうやって作ってなぜ自分の手元に来ているのかということをちゃんと理解しないで、ま、利用するというのに。
|
||||
[11:03] には、ま、リスクがあると
|
||||
[11:08] SNS
|
||||
[11:09] を世論操作の武器として使い、平気化とまで呼ばれた最初の選挙がある。
|
||||
[11:18] Youcango
|
||||
[11:20] Mamaマゴ
|
||||
[11:24] 過激な発言で知られるフィリピンのルテルテシが勝利した
|
||||
[11:30] 2016
|
||||
[11:31] 年の大統領選挙だ。イギリスのオクスフォード大学が
|
||||
[11:38] 2017年に発表したリポート。
|
||||
[11:42] 選挙中にルテルテ氏のためにSNSで世論
|
||||
[11:46] を操作する専門の人たちが雇われた。
|
||||
[11:51] およそ20万ドルがかけられたという。
|
||||
[11:56] 拡散されたフェイクの1つにローマ教皇が
|
||||
[12:00] ルテルティを語るという画像がある。
|
||||
[12:05] 最高権力を目指す政治家がこれほどまでに
|
||||
[12:09] 誠実だという事実に驚かされました。
|
||||
[12:15] フィリピンのカトリック秘議会は事実では
|
||||
[12:19] なく偽物と否定した。
|
||||
[12:24] さらに他の候補を貶しめようとする
|
||||
[12:28] フェイクも拡散された。
|
||||
[12:32] のライバルだった丸ロハス氏が犬や猫の
|
||||
[12:36] ように皿で水を飲むような画像。
|
||||
[12:41] 元々はロハス氏が視殺で訪れた村で水質を
|
||||
[12:46] 確かめるため手で水を飲んでいる写真だっ
|
||||
[12:50] た。
|
||||
[12:53] ルテルテシ側の選挙戦を厳しく追求したの
|
||||
[12:57] がフィリピンのニュースサイトラップラー
|
||||
[13:00] だ。
|
||||
[13:03] 表現の自由を守るため、勇敢な努力をした
|
||||
[13:07] としてノーベル平和を受賞した
|
||||
[13:10] マリアサシらが2012年に創設した。
|
||||
[13:16] ナプラーでフェイクなどを調査する部門の
|
||||
[13:19] 責任者が取材に応じた。
|
||||
[13:24] テルテ氏の陣営が行った重要な戦術の1つ
|
||||
[13:27] はライバル候補を徹底的に貶しめること
|
||||
[13:31] でした。
|
||||
[13:34] ロハス氏が無能で時にクレイジーだと
|
||||
[13:37] 描こうとしたのです。
|
||||
[13:40] ドテルテシと彼の陣営は桜を雇っていた
|
||||
[13:44] ことを自ら認めています。
|
||||
[13:48] さらにテルテ氏は批判したメディアを逆に
|
||||
[13:52] フェイクだと攻撃した。
|
||||
[13:56] ロップラを見てみなさい。発言が全て歪め
|
||||
[14:00] られます。
|
||||
[14:02] 彼らには一切話すな。これが私の命令です
|
||||
[14:05] 。連中と話をしてはなりません。
|
||||
[14:11] テルテ氏は私たちをフェイクニュースだと
|
||||
[14:15] 決めつけ、政府の証券取引委員会が当社の
|
||||
[14:20] 営業ライセンスを取り消そうとしました。
|
||||
[14:24] ラップラーの記者は大統領府での取材も
|
||||
[14:28] 禁止されました。
|
||||
[14:37] 10年間ラップラーのほぼ全ての
|
||||
[14:40] ジャーナリストが組織的な嫌がらせを経験
|
||||
[14:43] してきました。
|
||||
[14:46] フィリピンはジャーナリストにとって世界
|
||||
[14:50] で最も危険な国の1つであり続けています
|
||||
[14:53] 。
|
||||
[14:56] SNSの情報操作は世界中で見られる。
|
||||
[15:01] 2010年アメリカの中間選挙ではボット
|
||||
[15:05] と呼ばれる自動化されたプログラムがある
|
||||
[15:09] 候補者に行意的な投稿を1日何万回も拡散
|
||||
[15:14] していたとされる。
|
||||
[15:18] これまでのボットは語りかけても対話が
|
||||
[15:21] 成立せず偽のアカウントだとすぐに見抜く
|
||||
[15:25] ことができた。
|
||||
[15:29] だが今はAIによってリアルな対話が可能
|
||||
[15:33] となり、ぼトだと見抜くことが困難になっ
|
||||
[15:37] ていると専門家は指摘する。
|
||||
[15:42] この技術により偽の投稿やアカウントを
|
||||
[15:46] 大量に極めて低いコストで作れるように
|
||||
[15:49] なりました。しかも見破ることはほぼ不
|
||||
[15:52] 可能です。大切戦となった選挙ではボット
|
||||
[15:57] や組織的なキャンペーンを通じた世論操作
|
||||
[16:01] が多数の有権者に影響を与え、投票行動を
|
||||
[16:06] 変えてしまう可能性があります。
|
||||
[16:09] 選挙結果に影響を及ぼすかもしれません。
|
||||
[16:16] 農場で作り出される架空の世論。
|
||||
[16:20] 彼氏も気づかずに影響を受けているかもしれないとメンター教授は継承を鳴らす。
|
||||
[16:30] こうしたアカウントは別々の人間ではなく
|
||||
[16:35] 1
|
||||
[16:35] つの組織がコントロールしています。多数派の意見であるかのような状況を作り、同調圧力を生み出します。これが世論を操る方法です。
|
||||
[16:52] トランプ政権が対策を進めるどころか交代
|
||||
[16:57] させていると懸念を示した。
|
||||
[17:01] 残念ながらアメリカを拠点とする大手
|
||||
[17:05] プラットフォームはここ数年ユーザーの
|
||||
[17:09] 信頼と安全から駆け離れた状態となってい
|
||||
[17:12] て政府の政策がそれを除長しています。
|
||||
[17:17] 例えば選挙期間中の政治的なコンテンツに
|
||||
[17:21] ついてAIによって生成されたものだと
|
||||
[17:25] 明示することを義務づける規制もあります
|
||||
[17:28] が連邦政府がそれを撤廃させようとしてい
|
||||
[17:33] ます。大きな影響があるでしょう。
|
||||
[17:39] 日本もようやく規制に動き始めているが、お願いします。
|
||||
[17:46] こんにちは。
|
||||
[17:47] こんにちは。よろしくお願いいたします。
|
||||
[17:49] こちらと申します。
|
||||
[17:50] はい。
|
||||
[17:52] え、私に対するもうその誹謗中傷に対してどう自分が正しいのか間違ってないのかということを世に伝えるかというそういう選挙になってしまいましたので非常にやりづらかったですね。
|
||||
[18:09] 今月10
|
||||
[18:09] 日宮城県はインターネット上の誹謗中傷を防止する条例の試案を取りまとめた。
|
||||
[18:24] きっかけとなったのは去年の宮城県知事選挙村井義博知事は誹謗中傷やデが飛び交ったと振り返える。
|
||||
[18:38] 村井博の悪業
|
||||
[18:40] 14戦。
|
||||
[18:42] 宮城の村井知ってサイコパスなの?
|
||||
[18:47] 演説会場に売国度などとプラカードを掲げる人たちが集まるようになった。
|
||||
[18:57] すれ違い座玉に国堂だとかだとか
|
||||
[19:00] お前みたいなやつだとかって若い人に言われるんですよ。
|
||||
[19:04] いや、怖かったですよ。
|
||||
[19:05] だ、本当にあの身の危険を感じましたですよね。
|
||||
[19:10] 今回の条例の使案は選挙の時に限らず
|
||||
[19:15] SNS
|
||||
[19:16] 上で被害を受けたという申し出があった場合知事がプラットフォームへ削除要請を行うことができるなど記されている。
|
||||
[19:30] また選挙期間中の偽情報のファクトチェックのあり方などについても有識者会議を設置し議論を続けている。
|
||||
[19:41] 大きな一歩となる
|
||||
[19:44] 削除要請って私がってなってますんでうすごい責任を感じますですよね。
|
||||
[19:49] うん。
|
||||
[19:49] え、謝ってしまうと、あの、被害者を救うつもりだと思ったら新たな被害者を作ってしまうかもしれませんので、ま、そこは注意しないといけないなという風に思ってます。いけない。
|
||||
[20:02] 憲法とメディアに詳しい慶王技塾大学の水谷郎準教授は条例による誹謗中傷を抑える効果は限定的だとしつつも対応の必要性を指摘する
|
||||
[20:22] 放置しておくとですねそのえっと攻撃を受けてる対象の権利が侵害されるっていうこともありますしもう
|
||||
[20:31] 1つはやっやっぱり誹謗中傷によって
|
||||
[20:34] むしろ言論の自由が移縮する場合もある
|
||||
[20:37] わけですね。投稿した瞬間に、え、そう
|
||||
[20:40] やってね、誹謗中傷の攻撃対処になるかも
|
||||
[20:43] と思ったらやっぱり発信をすることを
|
||||
[20:45] 戸惑いますよね。やっぱり抽中抽象は
|
||||
[20:48] 一定程度きちんとやっぱり国家があのとか
|
||||
[20:52] あ、自治体が制度を作って対応してく必要
|
||||
[20:55] があると思いますね。
|
||||
[20:59] 宮城県の誹謗中傷対策条例のѓу案につい
|
||||
[21:02] て検討会を立ち上げた権技にも取材をした
|
||||
[21:05] んですけれども人権を守ることそして表現
|
||||
[21:08] の自由を守ることがとても難しいと話して
|
||||
[21:12] いました。案では知事が削除要請を行うと
|
||||
[21:15] なっているんですが、そこにはやはり乱用
|
||||
[21:18] や暴走を防ぐための歯止めが必要です。第
|
||||
[21:21] 3者期間のあり方をどうするかなどを悩み
|
||||
[21:23] ながら慎重に議論を進めている印象を受け
|
||||
[21:26] ましたね。
|
||||
[21:27] 本当に誰もですね、自由を多化するにはですね、
|
||||
[21:31] 1人1
|
||||
[21:31] 人がそれに伴う責任を自覚する必要があるんですね。え、ところが匿名というのはその責任から逃れる行為です。あの、アメリカでは選挙で言うとね、ネガティブキャンペーンの歴史があります。ただ発信する時にはですね、個人にしろ、団体にしろ実を出して責任の所材を明らかにする。
|
||||
[21:51] え、少なくともトランプ政権までの最低限のルールだったわけです。
|
||||
[21:55] え、匿名を立てに行われる誹謗中傷もですね、表現の自由として守られるべきなのか。
|
||||
[22:01] うん。
|
||||
[22:02] 私は逆にですね、放置することの方が表現の自由、言論の自由を脅やすこと、脅やかすことになると思います。
|
||||
[22:10] うん。
|
||||
[22:11] あの、私農場の関係者取材しましたけれども、なぜ私たちの取材を受けてくれたのか聞いたところですね、彼自身このままでいいとは思っていないと、え、社会に実態を知ってもらいたいという気持ちがあったとおっしゃっていました。
|
||||
[22:24] はい。
|
||||
[22:25] あの、今回の私たちの取材では正直の農場の前用までは明らかになりませんでした。
|
||||
[22:31] え、それでもこの関係者も言っていたよう
|
||||
[22:34] にこのビジネスがもたらす社会的な
|
||||
[22:36] インパクトについては是非伝えるべきだと
|
||||
[22:39] 考えまして、え、放送しました。え、実は
|
||||
[22:42] こうした農場ビジネスは日本だけではなく
|
||||
[22:45] て、え、世界中にあるわけで、誰がどの
|
||||
[22:48] ような意図を持ってこれを行っているのか
|
||||
[22:50] 。影響を受ける社会の側からそれが全く
|
||||
[22:53] 見えず、え、責任を問いよもないという
|
||||
[22:56] ところに私は問題があると思いました。
|
||||
[22:58] 引き続き取材を進めたいと思います。
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
source_url: https://zenn.dev/tokium_dev/articles/20260427_ai_tech_researcher
|
||||
ingested: 2026-06-28
|
||||
sha256: 9e350a51109a3b276746eb41e0d8ae3ae19850b6beb11edb6ce830a4fd33b442
|
||||
---
|
||||
[TOKIUMプロダクトチーム テックブログ](https://zenn.dev/p/tokium_dev) Publication Pro
|
||||
|
||||
## はじめに
|
||||
|
||||
こんにちは、TOKIUMでEMをしているskです。
|
||||
|
||||
もうすぐ1年間の育休に入ります👶🍼
|
||||
新生活がとても楽しみな一方で、ひとつ気がかりなことがあります。
|
||||
それは **生成AI周りの技術トレンド、1年離れたら完全に浦島太郎になるのでは?** という点です。
|
||||
|
||||
この領域は1週間単位でも新しいツールや手法がどんどん出てきます。
|
||||
1年後に復帰して「え、この作業って誰も手動でやっていないの?」「社内でxxというAIツールが流行っているけど一体何者なんだ、、?」などと困惑する未来が容易に想像できました。
|
||||
|
||||
かといって、育休中にZennやQiitaを巡回する余裕はなさそうです。
|
||||
ほしいのは **「放っておいても勝手に最新情報を集めて、読みやすいレポートにしてくれる仕組み」** でした。
|
||||
|
||||
そこで、Claude Codeをフル活用して、 **情報収集からレポート生成・配信までを完全自動化する基盤** を作りました。
|
||||
本記事では、この基盤がなぜ「放置しても動き続けられる」のか、その設計と仕組みをお伝えします。
|
||||
|
||||
## 全体像
|
||||
|
||||
cronベースで以下の処理をスクリプト+Skillsを用いて行っています。
|
||||
|
||||
<iframe src="https://embed.zenn.studio/mermaid#zenn-embedded__dc5503874797e" frameborder="0"></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
情報はWebと社内Slackの2系統から収集しています。
|
||||
世間一般の動向はWeb(Zenn、Qiita、各社AI公式ブログなど)から拾い、社内のリアルなAI活用事例をSlackから追う構えです。
|
||||
|
||||
なお、Slack収集には社内メンバーが開発した [Slack CLI](https://zenn.dev/tokium_dev/articles/84a40cfa2d8534) をClaude Codeのツールとして組み込んで使っています。
|
||||
詳しくはぜひリンク先の記事をご覧ください!<iframe src="https://embed.zenn.studio/card#zenn-embedded__2cdc4b8ce24c7" frameborder="0"></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
レポートは日次・週次・月次の3種類で、それぞれ粒度が異なります。
|
||||
日次は「今日何があったか」、週次は「今週のトレンドは何か」、月次は「先月からどう変わったか」をまとめてくれます。
|
||||
生成されたPDFはGoogle Driveに自動同期されるので、 **スマホのDriveアプリから片手間に読めます** 。
|
||||
|
||||
こうして、育休中でも子どもが寝た隙に週次あるいは月次レポートだけでも眺めればキャッチアップできる、という算段です。
|
||||
|
||||
ただし、収集・レポート・配信を自動化しただけでは「放置」はできません。
|
||||
図中の🔑で示した **情報ソースの自動進化** が、この基盤の要です。
|
||||
|
||||
## 勝手に賢くなる情報ソース
|
||||
|
||||
一番の課題は情報ソースのメンテナンスでした。
|
||||
「情報を集める」だけなら自動化は簡単です。問題は **「何を集めるか」の定義自体が時間とともに変わる** ことです。
|
||||
|
||||
例えば最初に「Claude Code」「ハーネスエンジニアリング」を検索キーワードとして設定しても、数ヶ月後には新しいツールや概念が登場して、追加しないと拾えない話題が増えていきます。
|
||||
逆に、一時的にバズったキーワードが廃れて、ノイズになることもあります。
|
||||
|
||||
こうした変化を人間が定期的にチューニングできないと収集の質が徐々に劣化していきますが、育休中にチューニングするのは厳しい、、。
|
||||
|
||||
そこで作ったのが、情報ソースの定義をSQLiteで一元管理し **自動で進化させる仕組み** です。
|
||||
|
||||
### 候補発見 → 昇格 → 降格の3段階
|
||||
|
||||
<iframe src="https://embed.zenn.studio/mermaid#zenn-embedded__176ee3cfcfa76" frameborder="0"></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
この3段階の設計により、 **トレンドに乗っているソースは素早く取り込み、トレンドから外れたソースは自然に退場する** サイクルが回ります。
|
||||
|
||||
特に昇格・降格の判定には、 **ヒット数だけでなく「レポートに実際に採用されたか」を組み合わせています** 。
|
||||
|
||||
<iframe src="https://embed.zenn.studio/mermaid#zenn-embedded__2e7af5ca82e03" frameborder="0"></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
具体的には、レポート生成時にLLMが記事を取捨選択した結果(どのソース由来の記事がレポートに採用されたか)がDBに記録されます。
|
||||
進化判定ではこの採用実績を参照して、収集の量ではなく **最終的なアウトプットへの貢献度** でソースを評価します。
|
||||
|
||||
実際に3週間の運用で、Slackの投稿分析から自動発見されたキーワード「Mastra」(AIエージェントフレームワーク)が14日以内にヒット+レポート採用の条件を満たして検索対象に昇格しました。
|
||||
一方、初期設定で入れていた「Copilot」は、Slack上でのヒットはあるものの開発効率化の文脈でレポートに採用されることがなく、低優先→停止と段階的に降格しています。
|
||||
|
||||
この仕組みは、次に説明する4つの収集軸すべてに共通して適用されます。
|
||||
|
||||
### キーワード検索だけでは拾えない情報を4軸で捕まえる
|
||||
|
||||
自動進化は「キーワード」だけでなく、4つの軸で独立に動きます。
|
||||
|
||||
| 軸 | 何が変わるか | 例 |
|
||||
| --- | --- | --- |
|
||||
| **キーワード** | 検索クエリが増減する | → 記事に頻出する未登録キーワード「Devin」等が自動で追加される |
|
||||
| **Webソース** | 巡回先サイトが増減する | → 記事の引用元として頻出する未登録のブログが自動で巡回先に追加される |
|
||||
| **Slackチャンネル** | サンプリング対象が入れ替わる | → AI話題の多いチャンネルが自動で監視対象に |
|
||||
| **Slackユーザー** | 追跡対象ユーザーが入れ替わる | → AI活用の発信が多い人が自動で注目対象に |
|
||||
|
||||
なぜキーワード以外の軸が必要かというと、 **キーワード検索には構造的な限界がある** からです。
|
||||
|
||||
例えば、以下は実際にチャンネルサンプリングで拾われた社内Slackの投稿です。
|
||||
|
||||

|
||||
|
||||
この投稿にはAI関連のキーワードが一切含まれていません。SpeakerDeckのリンクが貼られているだけです。しかし内容はAI駆動開発のスライド共有で、まさに知りたい情報です。キーワード検索では絶対に拾えません。
|
||||
チャンネルサンプリングとユーザー追跡は、この限界を補完するためのものです。「AI関連の投稿が多いチャンネル」の全投稿を取得してLLMでフィルタすることで、キーワードに頼らない収集を実現しています。
|
||||
|
||||
さらに、各軸の対象数には上限があり、上限を超えるとスコアの低いものから自動で入れ替わります。
|
||||
こうして、収集対象が際限なく膨らまないようにしつつ、 **常に最新のトレンドを追い続ける設計** ができました。
|
||||
|
||||
ここからは、これらを安定して動かし続けるためのパイプライン設計について説明します。
|
||||
|
||||
## 放置できるパイプラインの作り方
|
||||
|
||||
このパイプラインは **skill(手順書)** と **シェルスクリプト(オーケストレーション)** の2層で構成しています。
|
||||
|
||||
各タスクの実体は、Markdownで書かれた手順書(SKILL.md)です。
|
||||
「DBから検索対象になっているソースを決まったSQLで取得」「各ソースをWebSearchで検索」「結果をraw/daily/{日付}/に保存」「レポート同期はrcloneで指定のGoogle Driveを対象にする」といった指示が、SQLやファイルパスとともに具体的に書かれています。
|
||||
|
||||
これを `claude -p` のプロンプトとして渡すことで、Web検索・情報の要約・DB操作といったツールをLLMが自律的に組み合わせて処理を完遂します。
|
||||
|
||||
こうしたskillが収集・レポート・自動進化で計6つあり、それらの実行順序や並列制御をシェルスクリプトが担います。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# run_daily.sh(簡略版)
|
||||
|
||||
# 1. DB初期化・シード同期(冪等)
|
||||
bash scripts/init_db.sh
|
||||
bash scripts/seed_sources.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. Web収集とSlack収集を並列実行
|
||||
claude -p "$(cat .claude/skills/collect-web/SKILL.md)" --max-turns "$MAX_TURNS" &
|
||||
claude -p "$(cat .claude/skills/collect-slack/SKILL.md)" --max-turns "$MAX_TURNS" &
|
||||
wait # 両方の完了を待つ
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. レポート生成(収集データに依存するので順序実行)
|
||||
claude -p "$(cat .claude/skills/report-daily/SKILL.md)" --max-turns "$MAX_TURNS"
|
||||
|
||||
# 4. Google Drive同期
|
||||
bash scripts/sync_drive.sh --type daily
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
放置運用で壊れにくくするために意識したのは以下の点です。
|
||||
|
||||
- **並列実行**: Web収集とSlack収集は独立しているので `&` + `wait` で並列化し、実行時間を短縮
|
||||
- **部分失敗の許容**: Slack収集が失敗してもWeb収集が成功すればレポーティングされる、Drive同期が落ちてもレポート自体は生成される
|
||||
- **暴走防止**: 各Claudeセッションに上限ターン数を設定して、無限ループを防ぐ
|
||||
- **冪等性**: DB初期化やソース同期は何度実行しても同じ結果。途中で落ちて再実行しても安全
|
||||
|
||||
あとはcronに各シェルスクリプトの定期実行を設定すれば、毎日自動的にレポーティングを行ってくれる仕組みの完成です!
|
||||
|
||||
## まとめ
|
||||
|
||||
本記事の執筆時点(4月下旬)で約3週間cronで稼働しており、デイリーレポート15本・ウィークリー3本を自動生成しています。
|
||||
自動進化も動き始めており、社内Slackの投稿傾向から新しいキーワードやチャンネルが自動で収集対象に追加されています。
|
||||
|
||||
これで育休に入っても、週に一度レポートを眺めるだけで生成AI周りの動きを追い続けられるはずです。
|
||||
1年後の復帰で浦島太郎にならずに済んでいることを願っています🐢
|
||||
帰任後には運用成果の振り返りを報告できたらと思います!
|
||||
|
||||
設定によりコメント欄が無効化されています
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user